-complication of ascites, diagnosed by ascitic fluid examination which revealed a neutrophil count of > 250 cells/ml
- should be suspected in any ascitic patient who clinically deteriorate, fever and pain can be absent
- abdominal tenderness in more than 50% SBP
- speculated that the infective organism may leak into ascitic fluid via blood or from intestinal overgrowth
- typically caused by aerobic gram negative organism (50% being E.coli)
- treatment : cefotaxime
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