Unconjugated
- Gilbert's syndrome
- Criggler-Najjar syndrome
Conjugated
- Dubin-Johnson syndrome
- Rotor's syndrome
Gilbert's syndrome
- most common familial hyperbilirubinemia, 2-7% of population
- hepatic glucuronidation is 30% of normal
- reduced levels of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT-1) activity
- raised unconjugated bilirubin on fasting, and during mild illness
- bilirubin levels are reduced by enzyme inducer (eg: phenobarbitone)
- absence of bilirubin in urine(unconjugated bilirubin is tightly bound to albumin, thus cannot cross the glomerulus)
Criggler-Najjar syndrome
- very rare
- type II (autosomal dominant) - decreased UDP-GT
- type I (autosomal recessive) - absence of UDP-GT
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (autosomal recessive) & Rotor's syndrome (autosomal dominant)
- due to defects in bilirubin handling in liver
- good prognosis
- liver is black owing to melanin deposition
ReplyDeleteI was diagnosed as HEPATITIS B carrier in 2013 with fibrosis of the
liver already present. I started on antiviral medications which
reduced the viral load initially. After a couple of years the virus
became resistant. I started on HEPATITIS B Herbal treatment from
ULTIMATE LIFE CLINIC (www.ultimatelifeclinic.com) in March, 2020. Their
treatment totally reversed the virus. I did another blood test after
the 6 months long treatment and tested negative to the virus. Amazing
treatment! This treatment is a breakthrough for all HBV carriers.