- a.k.a Darling's disease (Histoplasma discovered in 1905 by Darling)
- infection follows inhalation of microconidia. Once they reach the alveolar space, microconidia are rapidly recognised and engulfed by alveolar macrophages
- clinical spectrum of histoplasmosis ranges from asymptomatic infection (immunocompetent individuals with low level of exposure) to life threatening illness (immunocompromised - progressive disseminated histoplasmosis)
- it causes TB-like illness
- fungal culture remains the gold standard diagnostic test for histoplasmosis (Groccott stain)
- treatment is indicated for progressive disseminated histoplasmosis, chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis or symptomatic patients with acute pulmonary histoplasmosis
- drug: liposomal amphotericin B or itraconazole
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