1) Renal artery stenosis / Renin secreting tumor (secondary hyperaldosteronism)
- high renin ; high aldosterone
2) Adrenal hyperfunction / Conn's syndrome (primary hyperaldosteronism)
- low renin ; high aldosterone
- adrenal adenoma are usually sensitive to ACTH, thus aldosterone secretion falls during the day as ACTH declines. With bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, aldosterone concentration is higher when patient is erect than supine.
3) Liddle's syndrome
4) Syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess (SAME) / Liquorice usage
- low renin and low aldosterone
- SAME is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutation of HSD11B2 which encodes 11-B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (which coverts cortisol to cortisone)
- Liquorice is a temporary form of AME due to its ability to block the enzyme
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